Occurrence of Human Defensins and S100 Proteins in Head and Neck Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC) Entities: hBD3 and S100A4 as Potential Biomarkers to Evaluate Successful Surgical Therapy

Background: The goal of this study is the identification potential marker molecules for characterizing different basal cell carcinoma entities, to help improve clinical decisions surgical resection therapy. Methods: Three sclerodermiform, solid and superficial carcinomas, were subjected immunohistochemical microscopy histomorphometric analyses human α- (DEFA1/3; DEFA4) β-defensins (hBD1/2/3) special S100 proteins (S100A4/7/8/9). Thirty specimens three entities evaluated. Analyses performed by comparing tissue cellular localization staining intensities tumorous with non-tumorous areas. Staining semiquantitatively examined using an RGB-based model. Results: Human defensins are present in all carcinomas. They show cytoplasmic immunostaining cells epithelium, stroma tumor. Notably, β-defensin3 accumulated nuclei sclerodermiform S100A4 A7 undetectable tumor regions. However, occurs cancer-associated nuclear Conclusion: Two candidates, namely hBD3 S100A4, might be used as tools evaluating successful therapy avoid aesthetic functional facial deformation.